SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Abdulai, Awudu; Diao, Xinshen; Johnson, Michael.

This study focuses on public investments and policy reforms for leveraging growth spillovers at the African regional level. A conceptual framework that is built on the endogenous growth theory and the new economic geography is presented first to gain a better understanding of the underlying theory and empirical evidence on regional integration and growth spillovers. In order to demonstrate the potential benefits from greater cross-border technology spillovers in Africa, as well as from trade liberalization and investment in infrastructure, results from ex-ante simulations using partial and general equilibrium models are then presented and discussed. Results indicate that sizeable regional spillover benefits can be obtained by permitting greater crossborder...

Agricultural growth and agrarian structure in the Brazilian Cerrado: the role of land prices, natural resources and technology

Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models C68; Agricultural growth; Agricultural sector; International Development.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58371

Rezende, Gervasio Castro de.

This paper argues that the rapid agricultural expansion of the cerrado regions in Brazil is due to the low price of land in these regions, as compared with the other agricultural regions of Brazil and abroad. This low price of land is, in turn, attributed not only to the greater distance of these regions from the main markets, but also to the limitations of natural resources (the extremely harsh drought period, which limits agricultural activities to grains and livestock) and, above all, to technological innovations that “produced” an abundance of land of good quality. In order to show more clearly how this process has taken place, the paper develops a model of the land market that allows for “production of land,” and derives the implications of such a...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: The cerrados in Brazil; Technology; Land markets; Agricultural growth; Agrarian structure.; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56849

ARE WEALTH TRANSFERS BIASED AGAINST GIRLS? GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LAND INHERITANCE AND SCHOOLING INVESTMENT IN GHANA'S WESTERN REGION

Quisumbing, Agnes R.; Payongayong, Ellen M.; Otsuka, Keijiro.

This study attempts to analyze changing patterns of land transfers and schooling investments by gender over three generations in customary land areas of Ghana's Western Region. Although traditional matrilineal inheritance rules deny landownership rights to women, women have increasingly acquired land through gifts and other means, thereby reducing the gender gap in landownership. The gender gap in schooling has also declined significantly, though it persists. We attribute such changes to the increase in women's bargaining power due to an agricultural technology that increased the demand for women's labor, contributing to the reduction of "social" discrimination as well as weak "parental" discrimination.

Do Japanese Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Stimulate Agricultural Growth in East Asia? Panel Cointegration Analysis

Palavras-chave: Property rights; Land inheritance; Agricultural growth; West Africa; Africa south of Sahara; Wealth transfers; Gender; Ghana; Education; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60311

Sattapon, Weerapong.

The agricultural sector is an important sector that most people in East Asia rely on and growth in this sector may help to lift their standard of living. This study assessed what factors contributed to agricultural growth by applying the panel econometric approach. First, the long-run relationship between the agriculture growth and its explanatory variable was investigated by applying the IPS unit root test and Pedroni panel cointegration test. The results indicated that all variables showed an integration of order unity, and showed strong evidence to support the existence of long-run relationship. The results from Fixed Effect (FE) regression indicated that imports, exports and trade liberalization were the important factors that contributed to growth in...

Exploring growth linkages and market opportunities for agriculture in Southern Africa

Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; East Asia; Foreign Direct Investment; Trade; Panel Data; International Relations/Trade; O4; Q17; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25570

Nin Pratt, Alejandro; Diao, Xinshen.

Considering the heterogeneity of the countries of southern Africa and the presence of South Africa and other middle-income countries in the region, southern Africa has a unique opportunity to exploit agricultural potential and regional trade opportunities through regional dynamics and integration. We analyze the implications of such opportunities for the growth of the low-income countries, using a regional general equilibrium model that captures growth linkages. We find that growth in the middle-income southern African countries, such as South Africa, benefits the region’s low-income countries through increased demand for their agricultural exports. Agricultural productivity growth, however, is necessary for low-income countries to take advantage of South...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Regional trade; General equilibrium model; Regional integration; Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Grain production; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55411

Fiscal Policies in Highly Unequal Societies: Implications for Agricultural Growth

Growth Options and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: A Spatial Economywide Model Analysis for 2004-15

Lopez, Ramon E..

The paper discusses the economic effects of misallocation of public expenditures in favor of private goods rather than public goods. It first lays out certain key hypotheses regarding the consequences of the apparent public sector allocation inefficiency and the factors that explain this phenomenon. It then discusses existing empirical evidence that lends at least indirect support to these hypotheses. Finally, it presents new empirical evidence for the rural sector in Latin America which documents the extent of the misallocation of public expenditures, its consequences for agricultural growth and rural poverty, and the role of certain key politico-institutional factors in explaining the misallocation.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Public expenditure; Public goods; Agricultural growth; Subsidies; Social equity; International Development; H40; H41; H42; O13; Q15; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112595

Diao, Xinshen; Nin Pratt, Alejandro; Ghautam, Madhur; Keough, James; Chamberlin, Jordan; You, Liangzhi; Puetz, Detlev; Resnick, Danielle; Yu, Bingxin.

Also published as EDRI-ESSP Policy Working Paper No. 2: Xinshen Diao; Alejandro Nin Pratt; Madhur Ghautam; James Keough; Jordan Chamberlin; Liangszi You; Detlev Puetz; Danielle Resnick; Bingxin Yu. 2005. Growth options and poverty reduction in Ethiopia: a spatial, economywide model analysis for 2004-15.

Impacts of CGIAR Crop Improvement and Natural Resource Management Research: A Review of Evidence

Palavras-chave: Poverty alleviation; Agricultural growth; Agricultural sector; Millennium Development Goals; Spatial analysis (Statistics); Disaggregation; Household surveys; Ethiopia; Africa; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58383

INSTITUTIONS AND ECONOMIC POLICIES FOR PRO-POOR AGRICULTURAL GROWTH

Pal, Suresh.

This paper has examined the trends in funding and impacts of CGIAR research with a focus on distribution of economic benefits and sustainability of natural resources. The evidence has clearly shown that the impacts in terms of agricultural growth, poverty reduction and environmental protection continue to be impressive. The success of varietal development programmes mainly stems from free exchange of plant genetic resources and partnerships with NARSs. However, the impact of natural resource and production system management research has been site-specific. Its spread has been restricted because of policy and institutional constraints on transfer of technology.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Crop improvement; CGIAR research; NRM research; Poverty alleviation; Environmental protection; Agricultural growth; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q56; Q58; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118226

Dorward, Andrew; Fan, Shenggen; Kydd, Jonathan; Lofgren, Hans; Morrison, Jamie; Poulton, Colin; Rao, Neetha; Smith, Laurence; Tchale, Hardwick; Thorat, Sukhadeo; Urey, Ian; Wobst, Peter.

This paper draws together findings from different elements of a research project examining critical components of pro-poor agricultural growth and of policies that can promote such growth in poor rural economies in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural growth, a critical driver in poverty reducing growth in many poor agrarian economies in the past, faces many difficulties in today’s poor rural areas in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Some of these difficulties are endogenous to these areas while others result from broader processes of global change. Active state interventions in ‘kick starting’ markets in 20th century green revolutions suggest that another major difficulty may be current policies which emphasize the benefits of liberalization...

Investment, Subsidies, and Pro-Poor Growth in Rural India

Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; Rural poverty; Sub-Saharan Africa; Green Revolution; India; International Development.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60170

Fan, Shenggen; Gulati, Ashok; Thorat, Sukhadeo.

This paper reviews the trends in government subsidies and investments in and for Indian agriculture; develops a conceptual framework and model to assess the impact of various subsidies and investments on agricultural growth and poverty reduction; and, presents several reform options with regard to reprioritizing government spending and improving institutions and governance. There are three major findings. First, initial subsidies in credit, fertilizer, and irrigation have been crucial for small farmers to adopt new technologies. Small farms are often losers in the initial adoption stage of a new technology since prices of the agricultural products are typically being pushed down by greater supply of products from large farms, which adopted the new...

Linkages Between Agricultural Growth and Improved Child Nutrition in Mali

Palavras-chave: Rural poverty; Agricultural growth; Investment; Subsidies; India; International Development.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42397

Tefft, James F.; Penders, Christopher L.; Kelly, Valerie A.; Staatz, John M.; Yade, Mbaye; Wise, Victoria.

This paper presents the results of the first phase of a project aimed at analyzing the links between agricultural growth in Mali and child nutritional status. The objective of this project is to strengthen these links through applied research and extension. The first phase of the project was designed to generate hypotheses concerning the relationship and review existing data to test these hypotheses, generate new hypotheses and draw policy implications. The second phase of this project will carry out in-depth research to address the critical questions left unanswered in phase I and initiate actions designed to improve these links.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Child nutrition; Mali; Agricultural growth; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 13; I1.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54575

Poverty and Agricultural Growth: Chile in the 1990s

Lopez, Ramon E.; Anriquez, Gustavo.

This paper analyzes the roles of agriculture in reducing poverty. Following the methodology proposed by Lopez (2002), three channels by which agricultural growth reduces poverty are tested: (i) its effects on the real wage of unskilled workers (and/or its possible effect in reducing their unemployment); (ii) the direct impact of agricultural growth on the income of poor farmers; and, (iii) the effect on real food prices. The paper concludes that the pro-poor role of agricultural expansion is dramatic. Agricultural growth tends to improve all measures of poverty significantly with head count falling around 7.3% as a consequence of a 4.5% increase in agricultural output. An important result is that while the economy-wide effects taking place via food prices...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; Chile; Poverty; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12013

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, GROWTH, AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN RURAL UGANDA

Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Xiaobo; Rao, Neetha.

Using district-level data for 1992, 1995, and 1999, the study estimated effects of different types of government expenditure on agricultural growth and rural poverty in Uganda. The results reveal that government spending on agricultural research and extension improved agricultural production substantially. This type of expenditure had the largest measured returns to growth in agricultural production. Agricultural research and extension spending also has the largest assessed impact on poverty reduction. Government spending on rural roads also had substantial marginal impact on rural poverty reduction. The impact of low-grade roads such as feeder roads is larger than that of high-grade roads such as murram and tarmac roads. Education's effects rank after...

Regional Disparities in Ghana: Policy Options and Public Investment Implications

Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; Monitoring development outcomes; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60317

Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.; Diao, Xinshen.

The development pattern in Ghana is characterised by a north-south divide in which the north lags far behind the south. Ghana has achieved sustained growth and poverty reduction during the 1990s, but such growth did not benefit the three poor northern regions and the development gap has increased between the south and north. One of the most important reasons is that much of the growth has been generated by export agriculture in which northern Ghana has little contribution if any. This paper sets out to identify avenues for pro-poor growth in Ghana, focussing on agricultural opportunities, particularly in northern Ghana. Using an economywide, multimarket model and based on time series production data between 1991 and 2000 and Ghana Living Standards Survey...

Rural Development and Poverty Reduction: Is Agriculture Still Key?

Palavras-chave: Ghana; Regional inequality; Poverty reduction; Agricultural growth; Economywide modeling; International Development.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42421

Anriquez, Gustavo; Stamoulis, Kostas G..

This paper examines the relationship between rurality and poverty, and the role the agricultural sector can play in rural development, poverty reduction, and overall development. The historical views regarding the role of the primary sector in development are presented, and then using original data, the paper argues that there was an historical misjudgment against the primary sector that served as a foundation for anti-agricultural bias in public policy until the late 80’s. Finally, this paper explains how under certain conditions territorial/regional development strategies may prosper, but in other conditions, particularly in the least-developed countries rural space, agriculture is still necessarily the starting point for rural development.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Rural development; Agricultural growth; Poverty reduction; Production linkages; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q10; O10; O13.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112591

Sources of Agricultural Productivity Growth in Central Asia

Lerman, Zvi; Sedik, David J..

The paper examines agricultural production and productivity growth in two Central Asian countries – Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Both countries are characterized by a significant shift of resources from the traditional Soviet model of collective agriculture to more market-compliant individual and family farming. In both countries, the beginning of the policy-driven switch to family farming around 1997 coincided with the beginning of recovery in agriculture, namely resumption of agricultural growth after a phase of transition decline since 1991. In addition to growth in total agricultural production, we also observe significant increases in productivity of both land and labor since 1997. These observations suggest that productivity growth may be attributable...

Sources of Agricultural Productivity Growth in Central Asia: The Case of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Central Asia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; P27; P31; P32; Q15; R14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49312

Lerman, Zvi; Sedik, David J..

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AND KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Central Asia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; P27; P31; P32; Q15; R14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54713

Johnson, Michael; Resnick, Danielle; Bolwig, Simon; Chamberlin, Jordan; You, Liangzhi; Wood, Stanley; Hazell, Peter B.R..

While greater growth in agriculture and the broader rural sector is crucial for ameliorating Africa's high levels of poverty and malnutrition, developing strategies to achieve these objectives is hindered by a number of factors, including the broad array of interventions needed, the lack of accurate data, and dearth of trained local policy analysts. As such, this paper proposes a Strategic Analysis Knowledge Support System (SAKSS) in which data, tools, and knowledge are compiled, analyzed, and disseminated for the purposes of identifying a set of priority investment and policy options to promote agricultural growth and rural development. These analyses can in turn help inform the broader process of designing, implementing, and monitoring and evaluating a...

Supply and Demand Shocks and the Growth of the Brazilian Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; Strategic analysis; Sub-Saharan Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60184

Barros, Geraldo Sant'Ana de Camargo; Spolador, Humberto Francisco Silva; Bacchi, Mirian Rumenos Piedade.

In the last decades the Brazilian agriculture had a strong growth. Our hypothesis is that most of that growth may be attributed to two general factors, which may conveniently be related to two types of shocks acting upon agriculture: demand-related and technological supply-related shocks. Demand shocks are originated both from domestic economy but also from external markets. We use Blanchard & Quah (1989) type of methodology to test the relative importance of supply and demand shocks on Brazilian agricultural growth. Our results indicate that supply and demand shocks have permanent effects upon agricultural output and prices. We estimate that the agricultural output growth in Brazil is attributed in large proportion to yield increases. We argue that...

THE AGRICULTURAL EXPORT-GROWTH NEXUS IN THE EU-27 AND THE COUNTRY RISK

Palavras-chave: Supply and demand shocks; Agricultural growth; Productivity; International Development; 04.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25286

Sassi, Maria.

The EU agriculture is undergoing an important process of liberalization and global integration within which its growth is a key issue particularly in view of the targets of competitiveness and convergence set by the Community. In this context, the paper, focusing on the EU-27 and the time period 2000-04, analyses the agricultural export-growth nexus and the role of the country risk, aspect that is still lacking in the empirical literature.